TU and Newmont Mining partner on mine cleanups

By Elizabeth Russell Trout Unlimited is excited to announce Newmont Mining Corporation as a new and vital supporter of our Colorado Abandoned Mine Restoration Program. These historic mines and their legacy of toxic sediments and draining tunnels pose one of the most widespread—yet least addressed—threats to Western rivers and watersheds. By most estimates, more than 500,000 abandoned mines pollute 40 percent of headwater streams in the Western United States, and degrade over 14,000 miles of trout and salmon habitat.

The estimated costs to clean up these sites range from $32-72 billion. Trout Unlimited initiated our Western Abandoned Hard Rock Mine Restoration Program in 2004 to both clean up problem mine sites that impact streams and fisheries, and to draw attention to the challenges associated with these efforts.  From our innovative mine tailings revegetation projects addressing toxic mine tailings in Colorado to our successful floodplain restoration projects in Montana, Trout Unlimited has earned national recognition as the leading practitioner of Good Samaritan abandoned mine restoration in the country.

In Colorado, the problem of leaching mines is particularly prevalent and threatens the state’s most iconic rivers. The issue of water pollution stemming from abandoned mines burst into public consciousness when 3 million gallons of polluted heavy metal-laden water spilled into the Animas River from the Gold King Mine near Silverton, Colorado, in 2015. Although this spill was large-scale and devastating, thousands of similar mines leak that same orange polluted water in smaller amounts every minute of every day.  Without cleanup action at each site, this will continue forever.

That’s where Trout Unlimited comes in.  Our Colorado Abandoned Mine Restoration Program tackles cleanups by removing polluted waste and tailings from riparian areas, revegetating and stabilizing streambanks and natural stream channels, creating fish habitat, and improving water quality.

We are stopping the toxic legacy one watershed or river at a time.

It’s encouraging that some mining companies are stepping up to help address this problem. Newmont Mining Corporation is one of the largest mining companies in the world and owns the Cripple Creek and Victor Mine in Colorado.

Newmont has worked previously with Trout Unlimited and state and federal agencies to improve habitat for Lahontan Cutthroat Trout (LCT) in Nevada’s Maggie Creek basin. Changes in livestock grazing practices and other improvements in the Maggie Creek watershed have dramatically boosted stream and riparian habitat health throughout the basin, benefiting LCT populations.

“Newmont has recently expanded our North American operations into Colorado with the acquisition of the Cripple Creek and Victor mine,” said Newmont executive Steve Skidmore. “We look forward to our continued habitat restoration efforts in cooperation with Trout Unlimited in Colorado watersheds.”

Newmont Mining Corporation joins Freeport-McMoRan Inc., which owns the Henderson and Climax mines in the state, in supporting our program to improve water quality and fisheries in mining-impacted watersheds in Colorado. Giving back to the communities in which these companies operate is an important part of their commitment to the environment.

For TU, their support provides the critical funding needed to support our staff and project work.  We look forward to showcasing our excellent cleanup projects in the near future.

Elizabeth Russell is manager of TU’s Colorado Abandoned Mine Restoration Program. 

We Kept Our Fish Cool

Thanks to the great work by Trout Unlimited, partners, and members and supporters throughout the state, the Colorado Water Quality Control Commission (WQCC) rejected the proposed temperature standards from the Water Quality Control Division (WQCD). These changes would have allowed higher elevation streams to reach 63 degrees- 3 degrees over the chronic limit for sensitive coldwater species. For middle elevation streams (the most common streams), the limit would have been raised to 65 degrees, just about the chronic limit for most trout species in Colorado.

The potentially higher temperature standards would have also occurred during the months of April to November- the months of Rainbow and Brown spawning seasons when the fish are more sensitive and susceptible to changes in their environment.

But our fish can chill out.

Groups all over the state worked together to protect our state's water quality and our trout's quality of life. CTU hired water quality expert, Ashley Rust, as a consultant to provide technical support. Her work demonstrated flaws in the data selection and analysis used for the WQCD’s proposal. TU also worked with Colorado Parks and Wildlife scientists along with other organizations including Sierra Club, Colorado Wildlife Federation, CPW and EPA.

Typical allies of the Division also helped in the rebuttal of the proposed changes. "I heard a Commissioner express concern with the fact that so many of the Division's traditional allies joined as parties to oppose the Division," said Mely Whiting, TU Counsel. "I don't recall the last time so many organizations participated in a Commission hearing. It makes a huge difference!"

The members of CTU also stepped up big time and sent over 200 emails to the Commission stating their argument against the changes. Along with chapter presidents signing a letter to the commission, members helped collect data through a citizen science campaign as well as offered their own testimonies to the issue from various vantage points.

"Big thanks to John Woodling, who's testimony was a turning point in the hearing," said Whiting. "To Robin (Knox) who in 5 minutes conveyed a lifetime of experience- I loved the example of all the poor fish huddling in a small pool in the Yampa to avoid the hot water in response to the Division's callous assertion that if it's too hot, fish can just swim away. Big thanks to Dennis Buechler, who very softly and meekly brought in the impacts of these decisions on small businesses."

But the fight for our trout and water quality isn't over yet. The Division will most likely come back next year with changes along the same principal but on a basin-by-basin standard as opposed to the statewide changes proposed this year.

However, with the great work done by TU, partners, and the members throughout the state, we will all be ready to defend Colorado's trout and water moving forward.

On the water bus in the Gunnison basin

By Cary Denison Collaboration in water conservation got a shot in the arm last week thanks to the Colorado Foundation for Water Education Gunnison Basin tour. A bus tour can sometimes be an exercise in uncomfortable conversations and car sickness. But the CFWE tour, which started and ended in Gunnison, proved to be a valuable vehicle for removing barriers between water stakeholders and encouraging them to create solutions through compromise and cooperation.

The day and a half long tour introduced participants, who ranged from interested citizenry to the most serious of water wonks, to the natural water wonders and innovative water infrastructure that keeps the fields green, the rivers flowing and the Gunnison Basin breathtaking.

Each tour stop brought a new twist on how agricultural water uses are addressing their unique water supply needs in ways that reduce the impact on other water users and the environment. Trout Unlimited has been partnering on many of these collaborative projects because better management of water means healthier flows for river recreation and trout habitat.

The tour showed that modernizing water systems on the ranch or farm has the potential to make our farms and rivers more sustainable and healthy in the face of drought, rising temperatures and other pressures threatening the larger Colorado River Basin.

Randy Meaker, a farmer near Montrose, welcomed the group and displayed a “big-gun” irrigation system that allows him to more efficiently irrigate his feed crops. Nearby in Olathe, farmer David Harold demonstrated a drip system he is installing on a field that is currently included in the System Conservation Pilot Project, a program that will compensate him and other Colorado River Basin users for conserved water. At a brief stop at Rogers Mesa Fruits, the group heard from local conservancy district president, Tom Alvey, about a new Stream Management Plan sponsored by the district, TU and local conservation groups that will help all water users plan for a more secure water future.  Near Hotchkiss we heard from farmer Tom Kay, who explained how using technology like soil moisture sensors and automated sprinklers are helping him grow crops with less water delivered. Tom   told us that market-based approaches to water sharing could work as a water conservation tool that protects and compensates farmers. On the road to the small town of Crawford, we heard from Patrice Alonzo, water manager, who discussed how funds provided by the NRCS through partnerships with Trout Unlimited and others will be used to improve irrigation infrastructure, resulting in water savings.

On the second day of the tour we visited Jesse Kruthaupt, TU’s Gunnison Basin Project Specialist, on his family’s ranch on Tomichi Creek, where he explained how they are using a creative lease from the CWCB Instream Flow program to address periods of low flow and compensate for production losses. We wrapped up the tour with a visit to the Trampe Ranch north of Gunnison. Here Bill Trampe and Perry Cabot from the CSU Water Center described how flood irrigation works and how they and partners, including Trout Unlimited, are working toward improving irrigation practices in a manner that works for the producers and conserves water.

And in case you haven’t noticed yet, Trout Unlimited is helping coordinate resources and funding for many of these projects in the Basin.

While it is unlikely that any tour participant went home with a silver-bullet solution for our complex water issues in the Gunnison Basin, it’s safe to say they went home with a better understanding of the water challenges we face—and likely a sense that Trout Unlimited is going to be there to help craft the solutions.

Cary Denison is Gunnison Basin Coordinator for Trout Unlimited. 

C-BT and the Colorado River

For over six million years, the Colorado River flowed from the Never Summer mountains in what is now Rocky Mountain National Park, to the sea of Cortez- cutting through over a vertical mile of a vast landscape while carving majestic canyons along the way. When the Ute and Arapaho tribes came to the Grand Lake area, near the headwaters of the Colorado River, they saw what was once a raging river. But through transmountain diversions, like Colorado- Big Thompson, the river seen by early inhabitants is not the same river it is today.

At the turn of the Century, when spring snow melt occurred, the waters of the Colorado would fill the banks and flood mountain valleys. While on the other side of the Continental Divide, farmers and ranchers along the plains were starving for water. In 1933, the Greeley Chamber of Commerce formed a committee to survey a transmountain diversion that would tap into the Colorado River headwaters near Grand Lake.

The groups lobbying for the diversion- named Colorado- Big Thompson (C-BT)- got their way in 1938 when Congress approved the project. And 19 years later in 1957, the project was completed. The C-BT was the biggest transmountain water diversion the state of Colorado has ever seen.

The water from the Upper Colorado flows from Lake Granby (which acts as the storage facility), then it is is pumped into Shadow Mountain Reservoir where it then flows down into Grand Lake. From Grand Lake, the water then is pumped through the 13.1 mile long Alva B. Adams Tunnel under the Continental Divide and flows into the Big Thompson River. From there, the water drops into power plants that supply the pumps on the western slope.

In it's first year, 230,000 acre feet were transferred across the divide annually. Since then, the  number of acre feet taken from the Upper Colorado is around 213,000 according to Northern Water. The tunnel can also contain flows of 550 cubic feet per second.

While the project is able to keep the eastern slope alive during drought years and helps support Colorado's agriculture economy, the Colorado River itself is harmed. In order to build the C-BT, Green Mountain reservoir needed to be constructed along the Blue River. This was built in order to store water that the C-BT took out of the Colorado.

However, there are about 34 miles of river between Lake Granby- where water is taken- and the Blue River confluence- where the water is returned. This leaves a "hole" in the river. Along this stretch, the river and it's fishery is slowing fading away.

As the flows of the Upper Colorado are depleted by the diversion projects, the natural cleansing of the river fails to occur. Each spring, rivers experience flushing flows- an increase in water flow that breaks up sediment buildup along the stream bed. When the river isn't able to clean itself from sediment buildup between cobblestone, it doesn't allow for insects to hatch or fish to spawn.

Insects in the river hatch from the bottom of the cobblestone, but when the sediment concretes between the rocks, they aren't able to access the underside of the rock and hatch- leaving limited food sources for the trout in the water. The trout also needs the rocks to spawn as they turn rocks over to create their redds, which can't be done when sediment cements the rocks in place.

Under Senate Document 80- the document approving the C-BT and requiring the construction of Green Mountain reservoir- the document also states that the project needs, "to preserve the fishing and recreational facilities and the scenic attractions of Grand Lake, the Colorado River, and the Rocky Mountain National Park."

The West needed water to expand. Currently, 80 percent of Colorado's population is on the east of the Divide while 80 percent of the water is on the west side. This means that in order to thrive, water needed to be diverted. The C-BT opened the door to other transmountain diversions- including the Moffat Tunnel from the Fraser River, another tributary of the Upper Colorado headwaters.

While these diversions help the east slope, they are hurting the river. Through collaboration work among TU and water suppliers with hemp from very passionate individuals, we are working together to bring the river back to health.

The river will never be what is once was when the Ute and Arapaho tribes hunted and fished along its shores, but the river can return to a health that is good for people, insects and trout alike.

Current Water Levels in Colorado

By: Ameen Hosain In the past years Colorado has experienced large fluctuations in water levels and rainfall, and thus has caused officials to encourage people who use large amounts of water to be conscious and responsible in monitoring water usage.

The above average snowfall levels in the state this past winter in combination with efficient water usage have had great effects on water levels in reservoirs across the state.  According to Denver Water, the reservoirs in the Denver area are close to 91 percent full as of May 24, a percentage that is 6 percent higher than the average levels at this time of year in the past.

This increased water level is expected to continue well into the summer months, with snow melt flows just beginning to make their way into local waters. Reservoirs are predicted to be at or past 100 percent capacity in the coming days, something that will have nothing but positive effects for both wildlife, and people using waters for recreation. Denver water thus encourages those who use water to continue being responsible with usage in order to maintain healthy water levels for the remainder of the year.

This responsible water usage has resulted in changed regulations regarding the collection of rainwater, with laws now allowing Colorado residents to collect up to 110 gallons for use in watering lawns and gardens.  If not one who collects rainwater, another way to assist in the maintenance of healthy water levels is to pay close attention to sprinkler systems; making sure to turn off systems when it rains, and ensuring that they are only used a maximum of three times a week.  These things are easy to do and are highly recommended by Denver Water in order to keep Colorado’s reservoirs in good shape.

Protecting Colorado's Water Quality

The Colorado Water Quality Control Commission is considering a state policy change that would weaken the temperature standards that are supposed to protect trout streams throughout the state. The proposed changes brought forth by the Water Quality Control Division (WQCD) would put many trout fisheries at risk including during spawning periods. Take Action and tell the WQCC you do not approve of these changes!

The changes proposed by the WQCD will increase the “standard” temperatures allowed for around 1/3 of Colorado's trout streams, based solely on their elevation, allowing the fish' stress levels to increase and ultimately cause problems for their feeding, growing and movement. According to the EPA, the proposed standards for lower elevation coldwater streams (22 C) are actually lethal for trout exposed to them over seven days.Higher temperature standards also would be allowed on all streams during the "shoulder" months of March and April and October and November - which overlaps with Rainbow and Brown spawning seasons when the fish are more sensitive and susceptible to changes in their environment, and where their successful natural reproduction can be harmed. These shoulder standards are also higher (65F) than what is needed to support successful trout spawning (59-61F).

Make your voice heard by sending a letter to the WQCC

Learn more about the proposed changes

Trout Unlimited is working to ensure that the temperatures of Colorado's streams remain at a healthy level for trout to survive. CTU has put together an Action Alert asking members and supporters to reach out to the WQCC and show that these changes will be harmful to our state's trout and fishing opportunity!

TU Calls for Accountability on Big Thompson Fish Kill

By Randy Scholfield How did this happen, and how can it be prevented from happening again?

Trout Unlimited today called for answers and accountability in the wake of a construction spill last month that killed more than 5,600 wild trout on the Big Thompson River near Estes Park.

The massive fish kill, first reported Tuesday by High Country News, happened March 7, but Colorado Parks and Wildlife (CPW) delayed reporting the accident until this week, it said, to conduct analysis of the fish kill. In a release, CPW said that “site conditions, weather, soil, topography” and other factors led to seepage from concrete work, which raised the pH of the water, killing and sickening fish in the North Fork of the Big Thompson and on the mainstem.

More than half of the trout in the 8-mile river stretch from Drake to west Loveland were killed by the spill, according to the CPW analysis.

“This is body blow to the Big Thompson that sets back efforts by several partners, including TU, to restore the wild trout population in the canyon,” said David Nickum, executive director of Colorado Trout Unlimited. “The Big T is a very famous and popular river with anglers, and we’re deeply concerned about how an accident of this magnitude could have happened.”

Nickum said TU has a number of questions about the spill.

“What mistakes or human failures caused the accident? What best practices were in place during construction to prevent a major spill like this into prime trout habitat? And what procedures or guidelines need to be changed to ensure that this kind of catastrophe doesn’t happen again?”

He added, “There need to be answers and accountability.” Nickum called for CPW to push for full financial restitution from responsible parties to offset damage to the Big Thompson trout fishery, which contributes $4.3 million annually to the local economy.

TU’s local grassroots chapters in Estes Park and Fort Collins have been involved with willow planting and other habitat improvement projects on the Big Thompson in the wake of the September 2013 floods that devastated the river corridor.

“We’re deeply disappointed that recovery work we’ve done since the flooding has taken a big hit,” said Wil Huett, president of TU’s Rocky Mountain Flycasters chapter in Fort Collins. “We’ll get back to work to rebuild habitat and fish populations in the river, but this is a major setback.”

Randy Scholfield is the TU Director of Communications for the Southwest region.

Keep Fish Cool

The Colorado Water Quality Control Commission (WQCC) is considering a state policy change that would increase the "standard" temperature for trout streams throughout the state. Proposed changes brought forth by the Water Quality Control Division (WQCD) would put many trout fisheries at risk including spawning periods. In order for trout to function properly, they need the water temperature to be between the ranges of 40-65 degrees. Some species- primarily the ones found in higher elevations like the cutthroat trout- are more sensitive to temperature changes and have a chronic limit of 60 degrees. When the water temperature falls within the trouts preferred range, the trout can no longer feed, grow or move properly.

As the water becomes warmer, there becomes less dissolved oxygen available. Conversely, when the water cools, more oxygen is available and the fish can feed and move comfortably. Trout species require 4-5 times more dissolved oxygen when the water temperature is out of their preferred range than when the water is close to 40 degrees.

The changes proposed by the WQCD will increase the "standard" temperature in trout streams, causing their stress levels to increase and ultimately cause issues in their feeding, growing and movement.

These potential changes would allow higher elevation streams to reach 63 degrees- 3 degrees over the chronic limit for sensitive coldwater species. For middle elevation streams (the most common streams), the limit will be raised to 65 degrees, just about the chronic limit for most trout species in Colorado.

The potentially higher temperature standards would be allowed during the months of April to November- during the months of Rainbow and Brown spawning seasons when the fish are more sensitive and susceptible to changes in their environment. For more information regarding these changes, check out the report: Fish in Hot Water? by Mindi May and Ashley Rust.

Changes being proposed are potential, but the fish need our help. Trout Unlimited is conducting a Citizen Science for anglers throughout the state to record stream temperature, species, presence of redds (if possible) and photos to present to the WQCD. To conduct the Citizen Science form, visit the Google Doc created by Ashley Rust or submit findings to AshleyRust@gmail.com

The hearing will be on June 13 at 9:30 at the Department of Public Health. Along with our Citizen Science data, we want Trout Unlimited members, supporters and anglers to be there showing their support for our trout and the cold water they call home.

Windy Gap Permit Locks in River Protections

The Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment released its final 401 water quality certification for the proposed Windy Gap Firming Project (WGFP). The 401 permit affirms the health of the Upper Colorado River and it's world-class trout fishery. The WGFP would divert additional water from the Upper Colorado River to the northern Front Range. Currently, Front Range diversion projects have removed about 60 percent of the native flows of the Colorado River headwaters. The proposed Windy Gap expansion would reduce the native flows even further.

But through the collaborative effort of Trout Unlimited, Northern Colorado Water Conservancy District (subdistrict), Grand County, and the Upper Colorado River Alliance, the 401 permit for WGFP will address stream temperature impacts during summer low flows, provide periodic flushing flows, and require ongoing monitoring and response if degraded conditions are discovered.

“This long-term monitoring and flexibility of response is called ‘adaptive management’—and it’s a critical feature of the permit requirements,” said Mely Whiting, counsel for Trout Unlimited. “Adaptive management recognizes that stakeholders can’t foresee every problem, and it provides a process for ongoing monitoring and mitigation of river problems as they arise.”

“We wouldn’t be at this point without the leadership of Grand County and their persistent efforts to improve the health of the Colorado River,” said Kirk Klancke, president of TU’s Colorado River Headwaters chapter. “And the Northern subdistrict also deserves credit for listening to our concerns and working with all stakeholders to find solutions.”

As the flows of the river are diverted and reduced, the water temperature could rise to a level threatening to trout and aquatic life- but with the 401 permit, these conditions will be monitored to ensure the fishery remains Gold. Also with lower flowers, the sediment and algae buildup cements between the cobblestone, preventing invertebrates to hatch and trout to spawn. By providing these flushing flows the sediment will be washed away and leave the cobblestone clear for aquatic habitat to survive.

If the water quality and the fishery is in danger from these changes, the subdistrict will have to investigate to determine if WGFP is contributing or causing the impairment. If it is deemed that WGFP is causing the problem, the subdistrict is required to develop a plan to solve the problem.

Under Section 401 of the federal Clean Water Act, the state of Colorado must provide the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers with a permit certifying that the project will comply with federal water quality standards. The last part of the Windy Gap puzzle is the 404 wetlands permit by the Army Corps of Engineers, which could be issue in 2016.

Once all the permits are issues, resources will be released- including money needed for the Windy Gap Reservoir Bypass to create a new river channel and reconnect the river and its fisheries upstream and downstream of the reservoir.

Blue River stretch loses Gold Medal status

The 19 mile Blue River stretch between Silverthorne to Green Mountain Reservoir has been degraded of it's Gold Medal status by Colorado Parks and Wildlife. The river still has 15 miles of it's Gold status from the Dillon Dam to Hamilton Creek Road bridge crossing and also from Green Mountain Dam to the waterway's confluence with the Colorado River. The decision comes after CPW has been monitoring unnatural stream flows, sparse aquatic habitat, and low nutrient content all contributed to the decline of the water. CPW said that stretch of the river hasn’t met the Gold Medal standard for about 15 years.

"The overall goal is to maintain the integrity of the Gold Medal designation," Jon Ewert, a CPW aquatic biologist, said in a statement. "As necessary, we will make recommendations to delist or upgrade waters, keeping in mind the intent of the designation — identifying waters where anglers can catch large, trophy-quality trout."

CPW will be working with the Town of Silverthorne, Denver Water and local anglers to get the stretch to the point where it can be relisted.

In order to be a Gold Medal fishery, the area must be able to produce a minimum of 12 “quality trout” (14+ inches) per acre. It also must be able to produce 60 pounds of standing stock (the amount of living organisms in the ecosystem- including fish, plant life and micro invertebrates) per acre, and can only be designated Gold Medal if the water is accessible to the public.

While 24 miles of Gold Medal water was lost on the Blue, CPW added 24 miles of Gold Medal Waters to the Colorado River, from Canyon Creek, at the mouth of Gore Canyon, to the confluence of Rock Creek, near the town of McCoy.

“We studied this section of the Colorado River extensively over the past eight years,” Ewert said. “We found that it is an excellent fishery.”

Colorado is home to over 300 miles of Gold Medal fisheries including 11 different rivers and 3 lakes.